“There are unknown unknowns”, said Donald Rumsfeld, the United States Secretary of Defence, apropos the existence of WMD in Iraq. This became the sound bite that would define the sophistry around the illegal invasion of that devastated country in 2003. Ironically, the terms “known unknowns” and “unknown unknowns” are often used in project management. Essentially, things you didn’t initially envisage when you started can occur...
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